Innovation Timeline

300 Innovations

Information Technology

Discover the evolution of information technology

↓ Reverse
2024

Brain interface trial

🧠 Trials of brain implants enabling computer control via thought, restoring vision/limb control

Elon Musk, Neuralink
2023

GPT-4

πŸ€– Multimodal AI with enhanced reasoning capabilities

OpenAI
2022

ChatGPT

πŸ’¬ Conversational AI accessible to general public

OpenAI
2022

Perplexity

πŸ” AI-powered search engine with conversational interface

Aravind Srinivas, Denis Yarats
2020

GPT-3

in-progress

🧠 Large language model with 175 billion parameters

OpenAI
2020

Boston Dynamics Commercial Robot

in-progress

πŸ• First commercial robot for industrial use

Boston Dynamics
2019

Meta Quest

in-progress

πŸ₯½ Standalone VR headset with hand tracking

Meta (formerly Facebook)
2017

Transformer Architecture

in-progress

πŸ”„ Attention mechanism revolutionizing NLP

Google Research
2016

Oculus Rift

in-progress

πŸ₯½ First major consumer VR headset

Palmer Luckey (Oculus/Meta)
2016

TikTok

in-progress

🎡 Short-form algorithm-driven video platform

ByteDance
2014

Generative Adversarial Networks

in-progress

🎭 Generative AI modeling

Ian Goodfellow
2013

Boston Dynamics Atlas

in-progress

πŸ€– Bipedal humanoid robot for search and rescue

Boston Dynamics
2012

AlexNet

in-progress

🎯 Deep learning breakthrough in image recognition

Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, Geoffrey Hinton
2012

Oculus Kickstarter

in-progress

πŸ₯½ VR headset crowdfunding campaign

Palmer Luckey
2011

IBM Watson

in-progress

🧠 AI wins at Jeopardy! game show

IBM
2011

Snapchat

in-progress

πŸ‘» Disappearing personal messaging

Evan Spiegel & Bobby Murphy
2010

Instagram

in-progress

πŸ“Έ Photo sharing with filters

Kevin Systrom & Mike Krieger
2009

WhatsApp

in-progress

πŸ’š Cross-platform mobile messaging

Brian Acton & Jan Koum
2008

Bitcoin & Blockchain

in-progress

β‚Ώ First cryptocurrency and distributed ledger

Anonymous
2008

Google Chrome

in-progress

🌈 Fast browser with V8 engine and multi-process architecture

Google
2007

iPhone

in-progress

πŸ“± Revolutionary touchscreen smartphone

Steve Jobs (Apple)
2007

Android Beta

in-progress

πŸ“± First mobile OS release

Google
2006

Twitter

in-progress

🐦 Microblogging and social media platform (renamed came X)

Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone & Evan Williams
2005

YouTube

in-progress

πŸ“Ί Video sharing platform

Chad Hurley, Steve Chen & Jawed Karim
2005

Android

in-progress

πŸ€– Mobile operating system development starts (acquired by Google)

Andy Rubin
2004

Facebook

in-progress

πŸ“˜ Social networking for universities

Mark Zuckerberg
2004

Firefox

in-progress

🦊 Open-source browser with security features

Mozilla Foundation
2004

Boston Dynamics BigDog

in-progress

πŸ• Quadruped military support robot

Boston Dynamics
2003

LinkedIn

in-progress

πŸ’Ό Professional networking platform

Reid Hoffman
2003

MySpace

in-progress

πŸ‘₯ Early social media platform

Tom Anderson & Chris DeWolfe
2002

AWS

in-progress

☁️ Launch of Cloud Computing infrastructure, S3 storage and EC2 compute

Jeff Bezos, Andy Jassy, Amazon
2000

Pandora

🎢 Internet radio and music streaming

Tim Westergren
1999

Napster

🎡 Peer-to-peer file sharing (music)

Sean Parker, Shawn Fanning
1998

Google Search

πŸ”Ž Became leading search engine

Larry Page & Sergey Brin
1997

IBM Deep Blue

β™ŸοΈ AI defeats world chess champion

IBM
1997

Netflix

πŸ“€ DVD-by-mail rental service

Reed Hastings & Marc Randolph
1995

Internet Explorer

🌐 Microsoft's entry into browser market

Microsoft
1994

Amazon

πŸ›’ Online auction and marketplace platform

Jeff Bezos
1993

Web Browser

🌍 Mosaic then Netscape, user-friendly browser with graphics

Marc Andreessen, Jim Clark
1989

World Wide Web

πŸ•ΈοΈ HTML, HTTP, URL, Open source proposal

Tim Berners-Lee (CERN)
1987

HyperCard

πŸ—‚οΈ Stack-based hypertext system, cards with text/images/buttons, scripting (HyperTalk)

Bill Atkinson (Apple)
1986

Backpropagation

⚑ Neural network training algorithm breakthrough

Geoffrey Hinton, David Rumelhart, Ronald Williams
1983

Domain Name System (DNS)

πŸ”— .com, .gov, .edu web addressing system

Paul Mockapetris
1981

First 3D Printer Concept

πŸ–¨οΈ Layer-by-layer photosensitive resin printing

Hideo Kodama
1979

Usenet/BBS

πŸ–§ Local dial-up communities, message boards, file sharing, no central authority

Ward Christensen, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis
1972

Email

πŸ“§ Computer-to-computer messaging system with @ Symbol

Ray Tomlinson
1969

ARPANET

🌐 First computer network, TCP/IP, FTP

DARPA
1968

Intel

πŸ’Ύ Silicon microprocessor, Moore's Law (exponential growth of transistor density)

Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore, Andy Grove
1962

Sensorama VR

πŸ₯½ First VR machine with multi-sensory experience

Morton Heilig
1960

ELIZA Chatbot

πŸ’¬ First chatbot program

Joseph Weizenbaum
1957

Perceptron

πŸ”— First single-layer neural network

Frank Rosenblatt
1950

Turing Test

πŸ€– Test for human-like Intelligence of machines & decryption

Alan Turing
1947

Transistor

⚑ Revolutionized electronics; replaced vacuum tubes, enabling miniaturization

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley
1936

Computation Model

πŸ’­ Theoretical computation model, Turing Machine test

Alan Turing
1928

Data Processor

πŸ“„ IBM punch cards for data storage and processing; based on Jacquard textile machines

IBM
1870

Typewriter

⌨️ Mechanical keyboard, direct imprint of type on paper, faster and more legible writing

Christopher Latham Sholes, E. Remington & Son
1450

Printer

πŸ–¨οΈ Movable metal type, oil-based ink, mass production of books

Johannes Gutenberg